The Earth’s crust is unstable and creates
hazards.
Global distribution of continental plates.
Tensional and compressional margins.
The processes of plate movements and their role in the formation of fold
mountains, earthquakes and volcanoes.
Characteristic features and formation of fold mountains, earthquakes (focus,
epicentre) and volcanoes (composite and shield volcanoes).
Occurrence and measurement of earthquakes.
The link between earthquakes and plate boundaries to be understood.
The interaction between people and the environments and hazards created
by tectonic activity.
Description and explanation of human activity in one range of young fold
mountains (St. Peter's example = The Alps)
Study of one range of fold mountains eg. tourism, farming, and HEP in
the Alps or Rockies.
Case study of effects and responses to a volcanic eruption and an earthquake
to include primary and secondary effects and the short medium and long
term responses.
Two case studies
are required, a volcanic eruption eg. Mt. St Helens and Pinatbu and an
earthquake eg. Kobe or San Francisco. Study to include the short, medium
and long term responses of different interest groups eg. local and national
government, aid agencies etc.
Settlement issues in areas of tectonic activity – the advantages and disadvantages
of settlement in areas of tectonic activity.
Students should
appreciate that areas affected by tectonic activity present both advantages
and disadvantages for settlement eg. the threat of a volcanic eruption
versus the fertile soils for farming as on
the slopes of Mount Etna or the threat of avalanches and difficulty of
communications versus the valuable minerals able to be mined in the Andes
mountains.
Variations in the effects of and responses to tectonic activity between
rural and urban areas, and between MEDCs and LEDCs.( Mt St Helens v. Pinatubu
and San Francisco v. Gujarat)
A consideration of the values and attitudes of different interest groups.
Choice of earlier case studies from both an MEDC and LEDC will make it
easier for students to appreciate these variations.
Consideration may be given to differences in population densities, building
materials, availability of emergency services, quality of communication
networks, relative wealth etc. Values and attitudes to tectonic activity
may include the unwillingness of some people to
accept the hazard or the need to use the fertile soils through to those
who would advise abandonment of areas prone to tectonic activity.
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Visit these
web links to help you revise for the earthquakes and volcanoes section
1.
Learn on the Internet
2. BBC
Bite size - tectonic pages
3. Dot-school
revision site
4. Volcano
World - masses of up-to-date information on volcanic eruptions around
the world, including Mt St Helens
5. Global
Earthquake Response centre - find out where the last earthquake occured,
how big was it? where was it? ....
6. More
revision pages - plenty of diagrams.
7.
Mt. St. Helens Volcano information
8. San
Francisco Earthquake pages
9. The US Geological
Society and other scientists conclude that there is a 62% probability
of at least one magnitude 6.7 or greater quake, capable of causing widespread
damage, striking the San Francisco Bay region before 2032.
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